Many journalists remain at risk even after seeking refuge abroad, facing legal insecurity, professional restrictions, Transnational Repression, and discrimination in host countries. Mapping Media Freedom has recorded 55 attacks against journalists and media outlets living and working in exile in 12 EU Member States and candidate countries from January 2020 to June 2026.

Many of these attacks are forms of Transnational Repression, where state actors seek to intimidate or silence journalists reporting from abroad. This factsheet looks at the different types of attacks and presents case studies of journalists in exile who continue their reporting work aside it all.